What is a possible cause of periostitis?

Periostitis is an inflammation of the periosteum, which is the connective tissue that surrounds bones. Option D correctly identifies a potential cause of this condition by highlighting how changing playing surfaces, such as from grass to concrete, can lead to increased stress on the bones, particularly in athletes. This change can result in repeated microtrauma and loading that irritates the periosteum, leading to inflammation and pain.

This situation often occurs in sports, where athletes experience different impacts and strains depending on the playing surface. The variation in surface hardness and texture can significantly alter the mechanics of how forces are transmitted through the limb, resulting in periostitis as the body struggles to adapt to these new conditions.

By understanding how these environmental changes affect the body’s musculoskeletal system, individuals can better appreciate the importance of surface consistency in training and competitive scenarios. This knowledge is crucial for preventing such injuries among athletes who frequently transition between different surfaces.