Which condition is characterized by pain during exercise that subsides with rest?

The condition characterized by pain during exercise that subsides with rest is compartment syndrome. This condition occurs when the pressure within a muscle compartment rises to a level that interferes with blood flow and nerve function, often due to swelling or bleeding in the compartment. During physical activity, the increased activity of the muscles leads to pain, which typically diminishes during rest as the pressure decreases and blood flow is restored to normal levels.

In comparison, plantar fasciitis, tendonitis, and tendonosis can all cause discomfort or pain, but these conditions do not typically present with a relief pattern that is as distinct and immediate as that seen in compartment syndrome. While these other conditions may also involve pain during activity, they often do not fully resolve with short periods of rest, making compartment syndrome unique in this regard.