Which muscles attach to the anterior surface of the scapula?

The subscapularis and serratus anterior muscles are the primary muscles that attach to the anterior surface of the scapula. The subscapularis is part of the rotator cuff group and originates on the subscapular fossa, which is the concave surface on the anterior side of the scapula. It plays a crucial role in shoulder stabilization and internal rotation.

The serratus anterior is found on the lateral aspect of the thorax and it originates from the surface of the first eight or nine ribs. It attaches to the medial border of the scapula, helping in protraction and upward rotation of the scapula. Together, these muscles create functional movements in the shoulder girdle, contributing to actions such as lifting and reaching.

The other choices do not correctly identify muscles that are positioned on the anterior side of the scapula; instead, they consist of muscles that either attach to the posterior aspect or are more closely associated with the upper arm and torso regions, thus not fulfilling the criteria specified in the question.